JMIR Research Protocols

To identify the key prognostic factors in patients with primary and secondary thyroid lymphoma, focusing on clinical, histopathological, biological, and genetic components, as these factors remain unclear.The key prognostic factors in patients with primary and secondary thyroid lymphoma remain unclear, particularly regarding clinical, histopathological, biological, and genetic components.

Ventricular shunts divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with hydrocephalus, which can be lifesaving. Untreated shunt failure may lead to increased intracranial pressure and neurological injury. The process of diagnosing shunt malfunction can be complex, and historically, there has not been a simple method for noninvasive and quantitative measurement of CSF flow through shunts. The demonstration of successful clinical application of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to noninvasively quantify shunt flow is relatively new and will benefit from standardization across varying types of magnetic resonance (MR) hardware to facilitate implementation at multiple medical sites. PC-MRI CSF flow measurement through ventricular shunts has not yet been compared across different types of MR hardware (ie, differing field strengths, radiofrequency coils, slew rates, gradient strengths, models, and manufacturers).

Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Evidence shows that HIV self-testing increases awareness of HIV status, preventing transmission. Culturally appropriate strategies are needed to provide HIV self-tests (HIVSTs) to transgender women.

Virtual health care, originally as telephone-based telehealth, has been used for more than 45 years; however, the literature shows limited understanding of the competencies required for safe virtual care practice in nursing and other health-related fields. This has led to a widening education-practice gap.

Urinary calculi (UC), affecting 1%‐13% globally, pose a significant health burden due to high recurrence rates (up to 50% within 10 years) and substantial health care costs. Adequate fluid intake is a cornerstone of prevention; yet, its adherence remains poor due to forgetfulness, lifestyle barriers, and limited patient education. Existing mobile health interventions for UC prevention often lack medical oversight and clinical validation. WeChat-based digital therapeutic intervention may have a positive effect on fluid adherence in this patient group.

Excessive sugar consumption is a public health concern. Allulose, a low-calorie sugar with similar functional properties to sucrose, offers potential metabolic benefits. Animal and limited human studies suggest it may stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, improve glucose regulation, and support weight management. However, evidence to substantiate these effects in humans remains scarce.

The aging trend of people living with HIV or AIDS in China is increasing day by day. Frailty is a common condition among older adults living with HIV or AIDS and represents a significant cause of poor prognosis, including falls, decreased quality of life, increased mortality, and potentially prolonged hospital stays. Consequently, early frailty screening in this population holds important clinical significance.

Diabetic dyslipidemia (DD), characterized by a classical triad of abnormal lipid profiles among the diabetic population, presents a major public health concern in South Africa, particularly among Black South Africans. The increasing prevalence of DD significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. With the incidence of diabetes rising from 4.5% in 2010 to 12.7% in 2021, urgent preventive measures and effective treatments are crucial to tackle the risk of premature mortality.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease and the most common genetic cause of infant death. Although pharmacological treatment improves survival rates and functional capacity, physiotherapy remains a key component of care. A newly developed innovative equine-assisted physiotherapy method based on neuroproprioceptive “facilitation and inhibition” principles (NEUROEQUIP-SMA) is hypothesized to improve the quality and extent of motor development in children with SMA.

Like other addictive behaviors, problem gambling is often chronic and relapsing. While digital interventions offer low-threshold treatment and support, their effectiveness is often limited by small effect sizes, low adherence, and high dropout rates. Progress in digital technology has enabled the development of ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), which provide just-in-time support tailored to users’ needs. However, EMIs for addictive behaviors have hardly been developed so far.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues, leading to tooth mobility, ultimately resulting in potential tooth loss if left untreated. The new classification of periodontitis helps in establishing an appropriate diagnosis and planning treatment according to disease severity. One-stage full-mouth disinfection (OS-FMD), using chlorhexidine, has shown better outcomes than traditional quadrant-wise therapy. Platelet-Rich Fibrin offers enhancement in healing outcomes and regeneration due to sustained release of growth factors. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) shows promising results in promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and improving periodontal therapy outcomes. To date, no clinical study has been carried out for the assessment of the efficacy of i-PRF as an adjuvant in OS-FMD.

The accurate transfer of implant positions from the patient’s mouth to the laboratory is crucial for the successful fabrication of prostheses in implant-based prosthodontics. Making an implant impression is a crucial part of this procedure as it replicates the intraoral implant position and transfers it to the cast to be used in the laboratory for fabricating a passive fit prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess the accuracy of implant impressions made with prefabricated self-perforating trays and custom acrylic trays.