JMIR Research Protocols

Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors face a high burden of psychological late effects, with cancer-related anxiety being a prevalent mental health concern. Despite the significant need for care, more than half of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, who require psychosocial services, remain untreated. Digital health interventions offer a promising solution to bridge this care gap. Attention bias modification (ABM) is an evidence-based digital intervention for anxiety disorders. This intervention targets automatic and unconscious negative attention biases and retrains attention away from threat and toward neutral or positive stimuli. Recent research has successfully adapted ABM interventions for cancer survivors. However, ABM has not yet been adapted or tested for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) works on the principle of the gate control theory of pain and is used as a nonpharmacological pain management intervention. Music therapy or listening to self-selected music has also been shown to reduce pain intensity, anxiety, and depression. There has been no published literature that has explored whether these modalities can work synergistically.

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a complex clinical challenge, particularly for patients requiring multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Advances in precision medicine and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have created opportunities to personalize treatment and potentially reduce the therapeutic burden on people with T2DM. Assessing β cell function and autoimmunity could help identify patients with T2DM eligible for simplified regimens without compromising glycemic control.

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are often progressive conditions that can reduce quality of life and life expectancy and require long-term caregiving. As patients age, caregivers face increasing demands, often resulting in significant caregiver burden. Treatment and care are complex, and a coordinated, family-centered approach is indicated. The current care situation for individuals with NMDs and their families in Switzerland is poorly understood, and there is no standardized NMD care management available.

Computed tomography (CT)–guided online stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (CT-STAR) allows for ablative radiation doses to be delivered to selected patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or unresectable pancreatic cancer. However, the use of CT-STAR to deliver an ablative dose to the pancreas while minimizing gastrointestinal (GI) side effects to reduce acute and late toxicity rates compared to historic controls has yet to be prospectively evaluated.

Despite the availability of treatment options, help-seeking rates among individuals with gambling problems remain low. To reach a broader population of those affected by disordered gambling, online and self-guided interventions have been developed. Personalized normative feedback (PNF) is one of the most widely used strategies for preventing gambling issues among young adults. However, most studies on PNF efficacy focus solely on its impact on the intensity and severity of gambling behavior, without exploring its potential to increase intention to change and help-seeking behaviors. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies assessing the efficacy of PNF in addressing emerging online gambling-like behaviors, such as betting within video games or excessive financial trading of high-risk assets (eg, cryptocurrencies), which have been linked to gambling disorder.

Cataract remains the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide, particularly in older adults, in whom capsular weakness during phacoemulsification may preclude posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. In such scenarios, alternative fixation methods such as scleral-sutured and iris-claw lenses are preferred. However, direct comparative evidence regarding their safety, stability, and postoperative visual outcomes during primary cataract surgery is limited.

To identify the key prognostic factors in patients with primary and secondary thyroid lymphoma, focusing on clinical, histopathological, biological, and genetic components, as these factors remain unclear.The key prognostic factors in patients with primary and secondary thyroid lymphoma remain unclear, particularly regarding clinical, histopathological, biological, and genetic components.

Ventricular shunts divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with hydrocephalus, which can be lifesaving. Untreated shunt failure may lead to increased intracranial pressure and neurological injury. The process of diagnosing shunt malfunction can be complex, and historically, there has not been a simple method for noninvasive and quantitative measurement of CSF flow through shunts. The demonstration of successful clinical application of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to noninvasively quantify shunt flow is relatively new and will benefit from standardization across varying types of magnetic resonance (MR) hardware to facilitate implementation at multiple medical sites. PC-MRI CSF flow measurement through ventricular shunts has not yet been compared across different types of MR hardware (ie, differing field strengths, radiofrequency coils, slew rates, gradient strengths, models, and manufacturers).

Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Evidence shows that HIV self-testing increases awareness of HIV status, preventing transmission. Culturally appropriate strategies are needed to provide HIV self-tests (HIVSTs) to transgender women.

Virtual health care, originally as telephone-based telehealth, has been used for more than 45 years; however, the literature shows limited understanding of the competencies required for safe virtual care practice in nursing and other health-related fields. This has led to a widening education-practice gap.

Urinary calculi (UC), affecting 1%‐13% globally, pose a significant health burden due to high recurrence rates (up to 50% within 10 years) and substantial health care costs. Adequate fluid intake is a cornerstone of prevention; yet, its adherence remains poor due to forgetfulness, lifestyle barriers, and limited patient education. Existing mobile health interventions for UC prevention often lack medical oversight and clinical validation. WeChat-based digital therapeutic intervention may have a positive effect on fluid adherence in this patient group.