JMIR Research Protocols

Journal articles describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews with meta-analysis of RCTs are not optimally reported and often miss crucial details. This poor reporting makes assessing these studies’ risk of bias or reproducing their results difficult. However, the reporting quality of diet- and nutrition-related RCTs and meta-analyses has not been explored.

Sexual dysfunction represents a critical aspect of quality of life for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. Studies have consistently documented that adolescents and young adults report greater psychological and physical morbidity than older survivors and healthy peers, including elevated rates of sexual dysfunction, often accompanied by lower satisfaction with sex life and delays in meeting sexual milestones. Moreover, sexual dysfunction, body image concerns, and fertility status affect their confidence in being both physically and emotionally intimate. Despite this evidence, limited research has investigated the influence of psychosocial and interpersonal factors on sexual health outcomes reported by this group. This constitutes a significant gap in the provision of comprehensive sexual health care for adolescent- and young adult–onset cancer survivors, especially since greater emphasis has been recently placed on the biopsychosocial model of sexuality and dyadic approaches to intervention and treatment. In comparison to other cancer types, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasing at an alarming rate for the adolescent and young adult group. Patients with early-onset CRC experience elevated rates of sexual dysfunction, psychological distress, and social and physical burden, often resulting from issues with bowel control, incontinence, and body image.

Canada is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse countries, with over 7 million individuals out of a population of 38 million being born in a foreign country. Immigrant adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) make up a substantial proportion of newcomers to Canada. Religious and cultural practices can influence adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behaviors, as well as the uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among this population. Adolescence is a time to establish lifelong healthy behaviors. Research indicates an alarming gap in adolescents’ SRH knowledge, yet there is limited research on the SRH needs of immigrant adolescents in Canada.

Glucose variability increases cardiometabolic disease risk. While many factors can influence glucose levels, postprandial glucose response is the primary driver of glucose variability. Furthermore, affect may directly and indirectly impact glucose variability through its effect on eating behavior. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) facilitate the real-time evaluation of blood glucose, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to assess affect in real time. Together, data collected from these sources provide the opportunity to further understand the role of affect in glucose levels.

Death of a child in the pediatric intensive care unit is a rare event that can occur after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts, after a brain death diagnosis, or after a decision to limit therapeutic efforts. Nevertheless, even in the case of children with terminal and progressive illnesses, death is a crisis that comes as a surprise to parents and is perceived as unexpected. In the final stage of a child’s life, health care staff play a key role in sharing feelings and experiences with the family and in supporting them throughout the process in order to facilitate the grieving process.

Food allergy in children is increasing in prevalence in the western world and appears to become an important health problem. Parents of children at risk of food allergy live with the fear of allergic reaction, especially when the children are very young. The paradigm shift in allergy prevention in the last decade—away from allergen avoidance toward a tolerance induction approach—challenges both parents and health care professionals, as they have to deal with changing information and new evidence that often contradicts previous assumptions. Yet, research on health information–seeking behavior and needs of parents on primary prevention of food allergy in children as well as on prediction and prevention strategies of German health care professionals is lacking.

A chronic condition, drug addiction, requires long-term multipronged health care and treatment services. Community-based approaches can offer the advantages of managing integrated care along the care continuum and improving clinical outcomes. However, scant rigorous research focuses on sustainable, community-based care and service delivery.

Quantitative gait analysis can support clinical decision-making. These analyses can be performed using wearable sensors, nonwearable sensors, or a combination of both. However, to date, they have not been widely adopted in clinical practice. Technology adoption literature has highlighted the clinical efficacy of technology and the users’ perspective on the technology (eg, ease of use and usefulness) as some factors that influence their widespread adoption.

The recovery of scapular and humeral physiological kinematic parameters, as well as the sensorimotor control of movement, plays a primary role in the rehabilitation process after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. A highly customized rehabilitation approach is required to achieve this aim. Biofeedback can be a useful tool, but there is poor evidence of its application in the rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical prevention intervention and a major strategy for reducing the HIV burden in the United States. However, PrEP provision and uptake remain lower than estimated needs, and in ways that may exacerbate HIV disparities among Black adolescent girls and young women in the southern United States. Data suggest that gaps in provider knowledge of HIV epidemiology and PrEP and skills assessing sexual health practices are important barriers to provision and uptake, with limited evidence-based interventions to address these gaps.

In the health care setting, electronic health records (EHRs) are one of the primary modes of communication about patients, but most of this information is clinician centered. There is a need to consider the patient as a person and integrate their perspectives into their health record. Incorporating a patient’s narrative into the EHR provides an opportunity to communicate patients’ cultural values and beliefs to the health care team and has the potential to improve patient-clinician communication. This paper describes the protocol to evaluate the integration of an adapted person-centered narrative intervention (PCNI). This adaptation builds on our previous research centered on the implementation of PCNIs. The adaptation for this study includes an all-electronic delivery of a PCNI in an outpatient clinical setting.

With the advent of antiretrovirals, people living with HIV are living near-normal lifespans. However, people living with HIV are at greater risk of experiencing cognitive impairment and reduced brain integrity despite well-controlled viremia. A robust literature supports exercise interventions as a method of improving cognition and structural brain integrity in older individuals without HIV. The effects of exercise on cardiometabolic, neurocognitive, and neural structures in middle-aged to older people living with HIV are less well known, with few prospective studies examining these measures.