JMIR Research Protocols

Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Varenicline is the most effective monotherapy for smoking cessation, and combining it with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may further improve cessation rates. Smartphone-based medication adherence interventions could enhance pharmacotherapy adherence and cessation outcomes.

Personalized medicine requires an understanding of health conditions in real-world settings, but traditional clinical tools are often poorly suited for longitudinal tracking due to logistical hurdles, high participant burden, and data quality issues. While consumer wearables offer a scalable alternative, decentralized clinical trials introduce new challenges in patient recruitment, sustained engagement, and data management. Insomnia serves as a suitable use case for this protocol due to its global prevalence, frequent underdiagnosis, and the well-documented discrepancy between subjective patient reports and objective physiological metrics.

Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a common and clinically significant toxicity affecting the majority of patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy, particularly those treated for head and neck cancer (HNC). RD can impair quality of life, limit treatment intensity, and compromise oncologic outcomes; yet, there is no established standard-of-care for its prevention or management. Preclinical studies suggest that a topically reformulated proton pump inhibitor (PPI), esomeprazole (Dermaprazole), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties that may mitigate radiation-induced skin injury.

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Gait dysfunction is a preclinical marker of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), often emerging years before clinical diagnosis. While much of the existing literature has focused on the pathological mechanisms driving motor and cognitive decline, the neural and biological substrates that confer resilience against such decline remain poorly understood. Individuals who maintain exceptional gait performance into advanced age, termed Super Movers, represent a unique phenotype of resilient aging. Understanding the biological profile of these individuals offers a unique and largely untapped window into the mechanisms underlying healthy aging and resilience to dementia.

Digital platforms that integrate continuous glucose monitoring, patient-generated data, and clinical decision support could enable more proactive pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) care. Sustained uptake of digital platforms in routine practice is limited, and the evidence of effectiveness is mixed. Implementation science approaches are needed to clarify how context, workflows, and strategies shape adoption and outcomes. Haibu Diabetes is a new platform that brings together wearable, patient-reported, and clinical diabetes data to generate personalized, data-driven insights for patients and clinicians.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) remains a substantial public health burden, particularly among middle-aged men with metabolic risk factors. Sustained lifestyle modification is essential for preventing disease progression, but long-term self-management in this population is often suboptimal. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions may support self-management, most are patient-centered and rarely incorporate structured family participation.

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and worsen daytime functioning, yet their neural bases remain poorly understood. This may reflect the challenges of laboratory-based polysomnography for individuals with ASD, including sensory sensitivities and difficulty adapting to changes in routine. The advent of wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices allows for remote data collection in the home and facilitates large-scale sleep studies.

Due to advances in cancer diagnostics and treatments, life expectancy after cancer and the number of cancer survivors are increasing. Symptoms and late effects frequently occur in cancer survivors, with a negative impact on functioning and participation in society. Digital health tools might be helpful to systematically assess symptom burden of late effects and rehabilitation needs.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant impairments in academic, social, and daily functioning. Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines in Malaysia, evidence on real-world treatment patterns and outcomes remains limited. The lack of multicenter data on treatment use and clinical outcomes hinders the evaluation of current ADHD care and opportunities for service improvement.

Poststroke dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a common disabling complication of stroke and is associated with malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, impaired quality of life, and mortality. Conventional swallowing rehabilitation and instrumental assessment are useful but may be limited by equipment dependence and inconsistent accessibility. Interactive acupuncture is a dynamic acupuncture procedure in which short needling stimulation at selected nape acupoints is synchronized with active swallowing tasks.