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Published on in Vol 15 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/96346, first published .
Doctor discusses shoulder pain with a male patient during a medical consultation.

Extraction of Pain Severity and Functional Interference From Clinical Narratives Using Domain-Informed Large Language Models: Protocol for a Development and Validation Study

Extraction of Pain Severity and Functional Interference From Clinical Narratives Using Domain-Informed Large Language Models: Protocol for a Development and Validation Study

Xiaoyi Zhang   1 , MS ;   Christopher R Wilson   2 , MS ;   Hannah Eyre   2 , MS ;   David E Reed II   2, 3 , PhD ;   Travis Y Hee Wai   2 , PhD ;   Alexander Kloehn   2 , MPH ;   Ethan W Rosser   2 , PhD ;   Gang Luo   1 , PhD ;   Steven B Zeliadt   2, 4 , MPH, PhD

1 Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

2 Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States

3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

4 Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Steven B Zeliadt, MPH, PhD
  • Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care
  • VA Puget Sound Health Care System
  • 1660 S. Columbian Way
  • Seattle, WA 98108
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 2062774175
  • Email: steven.zeliadt@va.gov