Published on in Vol 11 , No 7 (2022) :July

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/37929, first published .
Joy Burns 1 * , PhD ;   Patrick Rivers 2 * , MPP ;   Lindsay B LeClair 1 * , MS, MPH ;   Krystal S Jovel 2 * , MA ;   Ramona P Rai 1 * , MPH ;   Ashley A Lowe 2 * , MSPH, PhD ;   Laura J Edwards 1 * , MPH ;   Sana M Khan 2 * , MPH ;   Clare Mathenge 3 * , BS ;   Maria Ferraris 4 * , MEd, MSPM ;   Jennifer L Kuntz 5 * , PhD ;   Julie Mayo Lamberte 6 * , MSPH ;   Kurt T Hegmann 7 * , MD, MPH ;   Marilyn J Odean 8, 9 * , MS ;   Hilary McLeland-Wieser 1 * , MPH ;   Shawn Beitel 2 * , MSc ;   Leah Odame-Bamfo 3 * , MPH ;   Natasha Schaefer Solle 4 * , PhD ;   Josephine Mak 6 * , MPH ;   Andrew L Phillips 7 * , MD, MOH ;   Brian E Sokol 1 * , MSPA ;   James Hollister 2 * , MS ;   Jezahel S Ochoa 4 * ;   Lauren Grant 6 * , MS ;   Matthew S Thiese 7 * , MSPH, PhD ;   Keya B Jacoby 1 * , BA ;   Karen Lutrick 2 * , PhD ;   Felipe A Pubillones 4 * , DO ;   Young M Yoo 6 * , MSPH ;   Danielle Rentz Hunt 1 * , PhD ;   Katherine Ellingson 2 * , PhD ;   Mark C Berry 1 * , MPH, PhD ;   Joe K Gerald 2 * , MD, PhD ;   Joanna Lopez 1 * , MSPH ;   Lynn B Gerald 2 * , MSPH, PhD ;   Meredith G Wesley 1 * , MPH ;   Karl Krupp 2 * , MSc, PhD ;   Meghan K Herring 1 * , MPH ;   Purnima Madhivanan 2 * , MPH, PhD ;   Alberto J Caban-Martinez 4 * , MPH, DO, PhD ;   Harmony L Tyner 8 * , MD, MPH ;   Jennifer K Meece 10 * , PhD ;   Sarang K Yoon 7 * , MOH, DO ;   Ashley L Fowlkes 6 * , SCD ;   Allison L Naleway 5 * , PhD ;   Lisa Gwynn 4 * , MSPH, MBA, DO ;   Jefferey L Burgess 2 * , MD, MPH ;   Mark G Thompson 6 * , PhD ;   Lauren EW Olsho 1 * , PhD ;   Manjusha Gaglani 3, 11 * , MBBS

1 Abt Associates , Atlanta , GA , US

2 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , US

3 College of Medicine , Texas A&M University , Temple , TX , US

4 Leonard M Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , US

5 Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research , Portland , OR , US

6 COVID-19 Response Team , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , US

7 Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health , Department of Family and Preventive Medicine , University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City , UT , US

8 St. Luke’s Regional Health Care System , Duluth , MN , US

9 Whiteside Institute for Clinical Research , St. Luke’s , Duluth , MN , US

10 Marshfield Clinic Research Institute , Marshfield , WI , US

11 Baylor Scott and White Health , Temple , TX , US

*all authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:

  • Ashley L Fowlkes, SCD
  • COVID-19 Response Team
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • 1600 Clifton Rd NE, H24-7
  • Atlanta, GA
  • US
  • Phone: 1 404-822-1999
  • Email: ahl4@cdc.gov