Integrating Sperm Microscopy, Environmental Exposures, and Lifestyle Factors for Male Fertility Analysis: Protocol for the Nippon Semen and Environmental Exposure Database (N-SEED) Cross-Sectional Study

Tomoko Oguri   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Kosuke Kojo   ^{2, 3, 4 *} , MD, PhD ;   Yoshiaki Endo   ⁵ , PhD ;   Takaaki Matsuda   ^{3, 6} , MD, PhD ;   Haruhiko Midorikawa   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Ayumi Nakazono   ⁴ , MSc ;   Kaoru Yanagida   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Atsushi Ikeda   ² , MD, PhD ;   Hiroyuki Nishiyama   ² , MD, PhD ;   Isamu Ogura   ¹ , PhD

¹ Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

² Department of Urology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

³ Tsukuba Clinical Research & Development Organization, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

⁴ Center for Human Reproduction, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan

⁵ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan

⁶ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

*these authors contributed equally