Published on in Vol 15 (2026)

1 Department of Mathematics, Laboratory of Analysis, Mathematical Modeling and Applications (LAMMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
2 Team AHeaD, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
3 Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
4 Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa
5 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Epirus, Greece
6 Department of Public Health, UFR Health Sciences, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
7 Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo
8 Health Data Acumen, Cotonou, Benin
9 Multi-thematic Clinical Investigation Center Pierre Drouin (CIC-P), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
