Building a Global Research Network for Fair, Accountable, Interpretable, and Responsible AI in Emergency Care: Protocol for a FAIR-EC Study

Chuan Hong   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Jonathan Chong Kai Liew   ^{2 *} , BEng ;   Jaeyong Yu   ³ , PhD ;   Tomás Barry   ⁴ , MSc, MPH, MBBCh, BAO, PhD ;   Audrey L Blewer   ^{5, 6, 7} , MPH, PhD ;   Daniel M Buckland   ⁸ , MS, MD, PhD ;   Tianrun Cai   ^{9, 10} , MD ;   Won Chul Cha   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Bibhas Chakraborty   ¹ , PhD ;   Wei Chen   ¹² , PhD ;   Jun Cheng   ¹³ , PhD ;   Shu-Ling Chong   ¹⁴ , MPH, MCI, MRCPCH (UK) ;   Therese Djärv   ^{15, 16} , MD, PhD ;   Arul Earnest   ¹⁷ , BSocSc (Hons), MSc, PhD ;   Matthew Engelhard   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Xiuyi Fan   ^{18, 19} , MSc, PhD ;   Mengling Feng   ^{20, 21} , PhD ;   Jean Feng   ²² , PhD ;   Huazhu Fu   ²³ , ME, PhD ;   Wilson Wen Bin Goh   ^{24, 25} , MSc, PhD ;   Benjamin A Goldstein   ¹ , PhD ;   Jessica Gronsbell   ²⁶ , PhD ;   Andrew Fu Wah Ho   ^{27, 28, 29} , MMed, MPH, PhD ;   Kendall Ho   ³⁰ , MD ;   Taku Iwami   ³¹ , MD, PhD ;   Anjni Joiner   ^{8, 32} , DO, MPH ;   Aaron Kornblith   ³³ , MD, MS ;   Siqi Li   ³⁴ , PhD ;   Shir Lynn Lim   ^{20, 27, 35} , MBBS, MMED ;   Molei Liu   ³⁶ , PhD ;   Zhenghong Liu   ²⁸ , MBBS ;   Lei Lu   ³⁷ , PhD ;   Yuan Luo   ³⁸ , PhD ;   Yih Yng Ng   ¹⁸ , MBBS, MPH, MBA ;   Yilin Ning   ³⁴ , PhD ;   Yohei Okada   ^{27, 31} , MD, PhD ;   Ju Ok Park   ^{39, 40} , MD, MPH, PhD ;   Yu Rang Park   ⁴¹ , PhD ;   Junaid Razzak   ^{42, 43} , MBBS, PhD ;   Yuzeng Shen   ²⁸ , MBBS, MMed ;   Fahad Javaid Siddiqui   ²⁷ , MBBS, MSc (Epidemiology & Biostatistics), MSc (Public Health) ;   Peter A D Steel   ⁴² , MA, MBBS ;   Kenneth Boon Kiat Tan   ²⁸ , MBBS ;   Salinelat Teixayavong   ²⁴ , MSc ;   Bella Vakulenko-Lagun   ⁴⁴ , PhD ;   Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci   ³² , PhD ;   Grzegorz Waligora   ^{45, 46} , MD, PhD ;   Fei Wang   ⁴⁷ , PhD ;   Haibo Wang   ⁴⁸ , MBBS, MSc, MPH ;   Haoyuan Wang   ^{49, 50} , MSc ;   An-Kwok Ian Wong   ^{1, 32, 51} , MD, PhD ;   Feng Xie   ⁵² , PhD ;   Jie Yang   ^{53, 54, 55} , PhD ;   Yiye Zhang   ⁴² , MS, PhD ;   Doudou Zhou   ⁵⁶ , PhD ;   Li Zhou   ⁵⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Tingting Zhu   ⁵⁸ , MSc, DPhil ;   Robert Neumar   ⁵⁹ , MD, PhD ;   David Page   ¹ , PhD ;   Roger Vaughan   ⁶⁰ , PhD ;   Marcus Eng Hock Ong   ^{27, 28} , MBBS, MPH ;   Nan Liu   ^{1, 34, 61} , PhD

¹ Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

² Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

³ Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea

⁴ School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

⁶ Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

⁷ Health Services Research and Population Health, Duke–National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States

⁹ VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States

¹⁰ Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

¹¹ Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹² School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

¹³ Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

¹⁴ KK (Kandang Kerbau) Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

¹⁵ Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

¹⁶ Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

¹⁷ School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

¹⁸ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

¹⁹ College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

²⁰ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

²¹ Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

²² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

²³ Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

²⁴ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

²⁵ Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

²⁶ Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

²⁷ Duke–National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

²⁸ Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

²⁹ Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore

³⁰ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

³¹ Department of Preventive Services, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

³² Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

³³ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

³⁴ Centre for Biomedical Data Science, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

³⁵ National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

³⁶ Department of Biostatistic, Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States

³⁷ School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

³⁸ Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States

³⁹ College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea

⁴⁰ Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea

⁴¹ Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

⁴² New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States

⁴³ Center of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

⁴⁴ University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

⁴⁵ Gdańsk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland

⁴⁶ Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

⁴⁷ Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States

⁴⁸ Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

⁴⁹ Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁵⁰ The Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁵¹ Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

⁵² Department of Surgery, Division of Computational Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

⁵³ Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States

⁵⁴ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁵⁵ Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁵⁶ Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁵⁷ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

⁵⁸ University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

⁵⁹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

⁶⁰ University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁶¹ NUS Artificial Intelligence Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

*these authors contributed equally